正则表达式备忘
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posted @ 2008年9月02日 23:49
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正则表达式备忘
| 字符 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| \ | 将下一个字符标记为一个特殊字符、或一个原义字符、或一个 向后引用、或一个八进制转义符。例如，'n' 匹配字符 "n"。'\n' 匹配一个换行符。序列 '\\' 匹配 "\" 而 "\(" 则匹配 "("。 |
| ^ | 匹配输入字符串的开始位置。如果设置了 RegExp 对象的 Multiline 属性，^ 也匹配 '\n' 或 '\r' 之后的位置。 |
| $ | 匹配输入字符串的结束位置。如果设置了RegExp 对象的 Multiline 属性，$ 也匹配 '\n' 或 '\r' 之前的位置。 |
| * | 匹配前面的子表达式零次或多次。例如，zo* 能匹配 "z" 以及 "zoo"。* 等价于{0,}。 |
| + | 匹配前面的子表达式一次或多次。例如，'zo+' 能匹配 "zo" 以及 "zoo"，但不能匹配 "z"。+ 等价于 {1,}。 |
| ? | 匹配前面的子表达式零次或一次。例如，"do(es)?" 可以匹配 "do" 或 "does" 中的"do" 。? 等价于 {0,1}。 |
| {n} | n 是一个非负整数。匹配确定的 n 次。例如，'o{2}' 不能匹配 "Bob" 中的 'o'，但是能匹配 "food" 中的两个 o。 |
| {n,} | n 是一个非负整数。至少匹配n 次。例如，'o{2,}' 不能匹配 "Bob" 中的 'o'，但能匹配 "foooood" 中的所有 o。'o{1,}' 等价于 'o+'。'o{0,}' 则等价于 'o*'。 |
| {n,m} | m 和 n 均为非负整数，其中n <= m。最少匹配 n 次且最多匹配 m 次。例如，"o{1,3}" 将匹配 "fooooood" 中的前三个 o。'o{0,1}' 等价于 'o?'。请注意在逗号和两个数之间不能有空格。 |
| ? | 当该字符紧跟在任何一个其他限制符 (*, +, ?, {n}, {n,}, {n,m}) 后面时，匹配模式是非贪婪的。非贪婪模式尽可能少的匹配所搜索的字符串，而默认的贪婪模式则尽可能多的匹配所搜索的字符串。例如，对于字符串 "oooo"，'o+?' 将匹配单个 "o"，而 'o+' 将匹配所有 'o'。 |
| . | 匹配除 "\n" 之外的任何单个字符。要匹配包括 '\n' 在内的任何字符，请使用象 '[.\n]' 的模式。 |
| (pattern) | 匹配 pattern 并获取这一匹配。所获取的匹配可以从产生的 Matches 集合得到，在VBScript 中使用 SubMatches 集合，在JScript 中则使用 $0…$9 属性。要匹配圆括号字符，请使用 '\(' 或 '\)'。 |
| (?:pattern) | 匹配 pattern 但不获取匹配结果，也就是说这是一个非获取匹配，不进行存储供以后使用。这在使用 "或" 字符 (|) 来组合一个模式的各个部分是很有用。例如， 'industr(?:y|ies) 就是一个比 'industry|industries' 更简略的表达式。 |
| (?=pattern) | 正向预查，在任何匹配 pattern 的字符串开始处匹配查找字符串。这是一个非获取匹配，也就是说，该匹配不需要获取供以后使用。例如，'Windows (?=95|98|NT|2000)' 能匹配 "Windows 2000" 中的 "Windows" ，但不能匹配 "Windows 3.1" 中的 "Windows"。预查不消耗字符，也就是说，在一个匹配发生后，在最后一次匹配之后立即开始下一次匹配的搜索，而不是从包含预查的字符之后开始。 |
| (?!pattern) | 负向预查，在任何不匹配 pattern 的字符串开始处匹配查找字符串。这是一个非获取匹配，也就是说，该匹配不需要获取供以后使用。例如'Windows (?!95|98|NT|2000)' 能匹配 "Windows 3.1" 中的 "Windows"，但不能匹配 "Windows 2000" 中的 "Windows"。预查不消耗字符，也就是说，在一个匹配发生后，在最后一次匹配之后立即开始下一次匹配的搜索，而不是从包含预查的字符之后开始 |
| x|y | 匹配 x 或 y。例如，'z|food' 能匹配 "z" 或 "food"。'(z|f)ood' 则匹配 "zood" 或 "food"。 |
| [xyz] | 字符集合。匹配所包含的任意一个字符。例如， '[abc]' 可以匹配 "plain" 中的 'a'。 |
| [^xyz] | 负值字符集合。匹配未包含的任意字符。例如， '[^abc]' 可以匹配 "plain" 中的'p'。 |
| [a-z] | 字符范围。匹配指定范围内的任意字符。例如，'[a-z]' 可以匹配 'a' 到 'z' 范围内的任意小写字母字符。 |
| [^a-z] | 负值字符范围。匹配任何不在指定范围内的任意字符。例如，'[^a-z]' 可以匹配任何不在 'a' 到 'z' 范围内的任意字符。 |
| \b | 匹配一个单词边界，也就是指单词和空格间的位置。例如， 'er\b' 可以匹配"never" 中的 'er'，但不能匹配 "verb" 中的 'er'。 |
| \B | 匹配非单词边界。'er\B' 能匹配 "verb" 中的 'er'，但不能匹配 "never" 中的 'er'。 |
| \cx | 匹配由 x 指明的控制字符。例如， \cM 匹配一个 Control-M 或回车符。x 的值必须为 A-Z 或 a-z 之一。否则，将 c 视为一个原义的 'c' 字符。 |
| \d | 匹配一个数字字符。等价于 [0-9]。 |
| \D | 匹配一个非数字字符。等价于 [^0-9]。 |
| \f | 匹配一个换页符。等价于 \x0c 和 \cL。 |
| \n | 匹配一个换行符。等价于 \x0a 和 \cJ。 |
| \r | 匹配一个回车符。等价于 \x0d 和 \cM。 |
| \s | 匹配任何空白字符，包括空格、制表符、换页符等等。等价于 [ \f\n\r\t\v]。 |
| \S | 匹配任何非空白字符。等价于 [^ \f\n\r\t\v]。 |
| \t | 匹配一个制表符。等价于 \x09 和 \cI。 |
| \v | 匹配一个垂直制表符。等价于 \x0b 和 \cK。 |
| \w | 匹配包括下划线的任何单词字符。等价于'[A-Za-z0-9_]'。 |
| \W | 匹配任何非单词字符。等价于 '[^A-Za-z0-9_]'。 |
| \xn | 匹配 n，其中 n 为十六进制转义值。十六进制转义值必须为确定的两个数字长。例如，'\x41' 匹配 "A"。'\x041' 则等价于 '\x04' & "1"。正则表达式中可以使用 ASCII 编码。. |
| \num | 匹配 num，其中 num 是一个正整数。对所获取的匹配的引用。例如，'(.)\1' 匹配两个连续的相同字符。 |
| \n | 标识一个八进制转义值或一个向后引用。如果 \n 之前至少 n 个获取的子表达式，则 n 为向后引用。否则，如果 n 为八进制数字 (0-7)，则 n 为一个八进制转义值。 |
| \nm | 标识一个八进制转义值或一个向后引用。如果 \nm 之前至少有 nm 个获得子表达式，则 nm 为向后引用。如果 \nm 之前至少有 n 个获取，则 n 为一个后跟文字 m 的向后引用。如果前面的条件都不满足，若 n 和 m 均为八进制数字 (0-7)，则 \nm 将匹配八进制转义值 nm。 |
| \nml | 如果 n 为八进制数字 (0-3)，且 m 和 l 均为八进制数字 (0-7)，则匹配八进制转义值 nml。 |
| \un | 匹配 n，其中 n 是一个用四个十六进制数字表示的 Unicode 字符。例如， \u00A9 匹配版权符号 (©)。 |
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